Downloading Music essays

Downloading Music papers Downloading Music: Useful or Harmful? Napster, the first maker of free music shareware over the web, built up an idea that changed the music business and the utilization of music until the end of time. Napster empowered clients to download music from a specific craftsman with the end goal for them to hear what the craftsman seemed as though before buying the whole reduced circle. In any case, individuals who downloaded a specific specialists whole CD so they would not need to get it mishandled this progressive idea. While this was not Napster's desire, there was almost no they could do to screen it. The music business immediately found Napster's free conveyance of copyrighted material and prosecuted them. While Napster battled for the generally better approach to acquire music over the web, the music business countered them guaranteeing it wasn't right to part with music for nothing and would definitely cut into the whole music ventures benefits. How frequently does an individual purchase a whole CD only for one melody? What is the damage of downloading only one tune? Does downloading just a single tune from a CD even hurt the music industrys benefits? These are the sorts of inquiries replied in Downloading Music: Who Gets Hurt? via Carlton Vogt, a feature writer for the InfoWorld site, composed on May 4, 2001. Vogt accepts he holds an impartial situation in the Napster banter due to never buying music or downloading it off the web. However, his article appears to bolster the Napster idea. Vogt states that Napster can really profit craftsmen. Due to the way that clients can hear the melody, choose if they like it, and afterward prescribe it to companions or purchase the craftsman's next CD themselves. Accordingly, encouraging collection deals. This would not be conceivable without some way or another first being acquainted with a craftsman. Vogt considers that not buying a CD in a store since you are new to the craftsman really ... <!

Arguments of Christopher Browning versus Daniel John Goldhagen Regardin

Contentions of Christopher Browning versus Daniel John Goldhagen Regarding The German View of the Holocaust The contentions of Christopher Browning and Daniel John Goldhagen differentiate significantly dependent on the underlining importance of the Holocaust to standard Germans. For what reason did conventional residents take an interest during the time spent mass homicide? Christopher Browning analyzes the historical backdrop of a legion of the Order Police who took an interest in mass shootings and expulsions. He exposes that these conventional men were basically pressured to slaughter yet avoids Goldhagen's shortsighted theory. Sautéing reveals the way that Major Trapp offered at once to pardon anybody from the assignment of executing who was not ready. Despite this offer, a large portion of the men decided to murder in any case. Sautéing's follows how these killers slowly turned out to be less nauseous about the slaughtering procedure and dives into clarifications of how and why individuals could carry on in such a way. Goldhagen's book nonetheless, has the value of opening up another viewpoint on methods of review the Holocaust, and it is the first to bring up vital issues about the degree to which eliminationist hostile to Semitism was available among the German populace all in all. Utilizing broad declarations from the culprits themselves, it offers a chilling understanding into the psychological and intellectual structures of several Germans straightforwardly engaged with the slaughtering activities. Hostile to Semitism plays an essential factor in the contention from Goldhagen, for what it's worth inside his conviction that enemy of Semitism pretty much represented the ideational existence of common society in pre-Nazi Germany . Goldhagen expressed that a Demonological hostile to Semitism, of the destructive racial assortment, was the regular structure of the culprits' cognit... ...d in is own home. He was found by Soviet men in his home and taken to Siberia, since he was excessively youthful, in their perspective, to not be an individual from the Nazi party. This is a man that Goldhagen can't state is an aficionado against Semite and in view of his own story to me I can't esteem the whole German populace to be Goldhagen's 'normal Germans'. It's anything but a simple discussion and will presumably never be one however I would trust that somebody could see that we can't say something regarding a whole populace. We would need to take a gander at every part independently and afterward I am certain that we would locate that some were those 'customary men', that Browning accepted and some were the 'common Germans' that Goldhagen had confidence in. Reference index: Carmelizing, Christopher R., Ordinary Men. Harper Perennial,New York, 1993 Goldhagen, Daniel Jonah. Irregular House, Inc. New York, 1996

whats on my desk

what’s on my desk quick post to check in and say happy tuesday. its 52 degrees and sunny and theres a high of 73 degrees tomorrow. i havent shared pictures of my new room at east campus yet so here are some pictures, because its sunny in my room right now. yeah, i use a standing desk sometimessurprisingly enough its nice to not be sitting down all day. heres a closer look at the bookshelf in the corner: my room was missing the standard-issue bookshelf when i moved in, but it did for some reason have a second desk. it turns out that if you turn a desk on its side, it makes a pretty serviceable bookshelf and doubles as a nice little reading corner. the blankets on the floor are on top of a standard foam mattress topper (i think theyre about $20 on amazon); i dont usually sleep on the floor but its nice to know that i could if i wanted to. thats all for now back to my cms.701 reading assignment,  evgeny morozovs manifesto on how  the internet isnt all its hyped up to be. excerpt from the intro: The best and brightest are now also the geekiest. The Google Doctrine the enthusiastic belief in the liberating power of technology accompanied by the irresistible urge to enlist Silicon Valley start-ups in the global fight for freedomis of growing appeal to many policymakersWhat could possibly go wrong here? As it turns out, quite a lot. Once burst, stock bubbles have few lethal consequences; democracy bubbles, on the other hand, could easily lead to carnage. The idea that the Internet favors the oppressed rather than the oppressor is marred by what I call cyber-utopianism: a naive belief in the emancipatory nature of online communication that rests on a stubborn refusal to acknowledge its downside. Failing to anticipate how authoritarian governments would respond to the Internet, cyber-utopians did not predict how useful it would prove for propaganda purposes, how masterfully dictators would learn to use it for surveillance, and how sophisticated modern systems of Internet censorship would become. Instead most cyber-utopians stuck to a populist account of how technology empowers the peoplein their refusal to see the downside of the new digital environment, cyber-utopians ended up belittling the role of the Internet, refusing to see that it penetrates and reshapes all walks of political life, not just the ones conducive to democratization.

The Role of Conceptual Framework in Accounting - 1606 Words

Introduction: Although conceptual framework standardises the accounting practices by providing the accounting bodies with well-defined financial protocols, it often fails to meet the requirements of different users. The adaptation of standardised financial statements enables the standard setting boards to enhance suitability of the financial standards according to competition in market without creating any legal issues (Beasley, 2010). On other hand, implementation of conceptual framework also reduces government control on financial bodies. However, Hines (1989) conveys that conceptual framework can be used by financial bodies as a strategic tool for reducing the impacts of government intervention and also for modifying the financial standards legally during competition. The current essay deals with analysis of the significance of Hines’s view on the conceptual framework. 2. The Role of The Conceptual Framework in accounting: Jia-shu (2004) proposes that the adaptation of the conceptual framework reduces the effectiveness of financial standards due to the reason being that the accounting requirements of users are different based on their needs. The development of standardised policies protocols increases the complexity in accounting for different users. However, Kalbers (2009) states that the development of the conceptual famework enables the financial entities to modify their financial standards with ease. Implementation of conceptual framework also enhances flexibilityShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Conceptual Framework And Accounting Standards Essay2075 Words   |  9 Pagesand why it is necessary; the role of conceptual framework and accounting standards in external financial reporting; accounting standards that are relevant for the presentation and disclosure of the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income that is disclosed in the Mainfreight Annual Report, and also management judgeme nt and estimates and issues that can arise when used to disclose items. Regulate External Financial Reporting Regulation of accounting information is designed to ensureRead MoreImportance Of Iasb Conceptual Framework981 Words   |  4 PagesEssay Accounting The conceptual framework for accounting is a report of rules which demonstrate commonly established guidance for the evolvement of new reporting practices and for improvement of the already existing ones. The most recognisable and frequently used conceptual framework is invented in 1989 by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). (Financial accounting, p7 Pearson). The Conceptual Framework also discusses the question about the importance of characteristic of handfulRead MoreRelation Between Ifrs And Conceptual Framework Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pagesto conflicts between IFRS and conceptual framework, this easy is going to explore the debate around the purpose and status of IASBs conceptual framework. The first section is about background knowledge. I am going to introduce some context of the conceptual framework and basic conception of conceptual framework: 1 what is IASB 2 what is conceptual framework 3 what is IFRS. These are the basic knowledge which should be introd uced before exploring the debate of conceptual work. After that, the relationshipRead MoreThe Impact Of Conceptual Framework On Relation Of International Accounting Standards1117 Words   |  5 PagesThe development of accounting standards and rules is based upon conceptual framework which is part of system of financial reporting. These standards set the nature, function and limits of financial account and financial statement. In line with the suggestion of Reichel and Ramey (1987), conceptual framework is described as a set of broad ideas and principles taken from relevant fields of enquiry and used to structure a subsequent presentation. This reflects the items such as equity, expenses, incomeRead MoreEthics and Conceptual Framework Paper1333 Words   |  6 PagesEthics and Conceptual Framework Paper Conceptual Framework There are two major philosophies in accounting consisting of a principles-based system for accounting and a rules-based system for accounting. The following discussion will speak about these two philosophies and will define one as being a best fit for encompassing the role of ethics and the conceptual framework. The conceptual framework was established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and is used to help define the boundariesRead MoreEvaluation And Disclosure Of Information Essay1674 Words   |  7 Pagesfinancial statements, the accompanying notes and accounting policies of MFT Ltd for the year 2014. This essay will pay specific interest to the application of the conceptual framework of accounting to the relevant Accounting Standards (NZ IAS 1, NZ IAS 7, NZ IAS 8 and NZ IAS 10). The report will comment on why it is essential to regulate external financial reporting by Mainfreight. The second part will discuss the role of conceptual framework to accounting standards in external financial reporting inRead MoreIntroduction To Australian Accounting Standards Board1043 Words   |  5 Pages Accounting Abstract Accounting has been playing a very important role in many places such as Australian accounting standards. Australian accounting standards is also developed by the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB). This essay will firstly discuss what AASB is, the role and the functions of AASB. And then, following this, the other projects’ role such as Financial Reporting Council (FRC) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the relationship between AASB, FRC andRead More7101AFE Financial Accounting Theory And Practice Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿7101AFE Financial Accounting Theory and Practice Tutorial Questions for Tutorials 1- 6: Semester 1 2015 TUTORIAL 1 - Semester 1 2015 Deegan Topic 1: Introduction to financial accounting theory QUESTION 1 – Question 1.2: If you developed a theory to explain how a person’s cultural background influences how they prepare financial statements, would you have developed a positive theory or a normative theory? The first of all, it is important to understand the mean by a ‘theory’. According to ContemporaryRead MoreConceptual Frameworks And The Conceptual Framework1497 Words   |  6 Pagesworking ability of the conceptual framework projects, it is imperative to have a clear idea about what exactly are conceptual frameworks and how they work. An argument to this statement can have both sides supporting and rejecting the use of conceptual framework project regarding its context and the time of their usage. In a situation, they might come in handy, in other they can prove to be completely useless by not meeting the generating accounting standard. â€Å"A conceptual framework is a coherent systemRead MoreDefinition And Format Of Conceptual Framework1564 Words   |  7 PagesIn the following question conceptual framework will be examined, firstly the critical definition and format of conceptual framework will be reviewed. Which is then follow by its general benefit and limitation of this method. Secondly the limitation and benefit of a single framework in developing accounting standard is discussed in relation to their economy culture and language. Finally there will be a summarise answer to the question above The term conceptual framework can be describe as a coherent

The Classical Greek And Roman Education - 1256 Words

As middle ages came to an end the feudal system decayed, the western world embarked on a transformation that would forever alter its identity. A profound change of ideologies in art, culture and intellect sparked a revolution that dismantled medieval society and propelled European culture into the modern era. This cultural and intellectual movement began primarily in Italy and later spread to the rest of Europe. The period of innovative change is called The Renaissance. The word Renaissance originates from the French word, rebirth. The Renaissance is considered a crucial and pivotal period in Western Civilization. The cultural phenomena took hold of practically every facet of society. However, it was largely considered a time of the resurgence of the classical Greek and Roman education and wisdom which many believed were lost to the Middle Ages. Italian scholars believed the middle ages to be a dark time, a time considered a period of stagnation in which education, literature, and t he arts did not progress and declined. Humanism was the intellectual movement of the Renaissance period, in which individuals concentrated on life in the present rather than life after death. Two major works from the period of the Renaissance, at different ends of the spectrum, illustrated this new way of thinking; a self-consciousness to the here and now as opposed to the predominating theme or focus of the Middle Ages, the afterlife. Giovanni Pico della Mirandola’s Oration on the DignityShow MoreRelatedEssay about Latin Literature in History1232 Words   |  5 PagesLatin Literature in History Greek literature was one of the numerous Greek accomplishments from which Romans drew immense influence. The Romans picked up first on the Greek embrace of rhetoric, which became an educational standard, given that a mans rhetoric, his ability to push the buttons of the subject audience by way of speeches, supplemented the mans rise to political power. But as rhetoric began to diminish from Roman daily life following Romes imperialization, identicalRead MoreGreek Women And Roman Women1102 Words   |  5 PagesWomen in Classical Antiquity† by Sarah B. Pomeroy The title of this book, â€Å"Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves† is written in order of the ranking of women. In classical antiquity, in some aspects, a whore had more freedom and rights than a married upper-class woman. This alone is evidence of the degree that women in classical antiquity were oppressed. Classical Greek Athenian women and Roman women had similarities in their life styles and expectations to become wives and mothers, but Roman womenRead More Latin Literature In History Essay1193 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature in History nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Greek literature was one of the numerous Greek accomplishments from which Romans drew immense influence. The Romans picked up first on the Greek embrace of rhetoric, which became an educational standard, given that a man’s rhetoric, his ability to â€Å"push the buttons† of the subject audience by way of speeches, supplemented the man’s rise to political power. But as rhetoric began to diminish from Roman daily life following Rome’s imperialization, identicalRead More Neoclassicism and the Enlightenment Essay1272 Words   |  6 Pagesof Neoclassicism. This Neoclassicism of the mid eighteenth to mid nineteenth centuries is one that valued ancient Greek, Roman, and Etruscan artistic ideals. These ideals, including order, symmetry, and balance, were considered by many European generations to be the highest point of artistic excellence. Although many movements in European art were largely devoid of classical characteristics, they were always looked to as sources of inspiration and were revived as significant movements at Read MoreHumanism the Gateway to Individualism530 Words   |  3 Pagesbelieved that the Greek and Latin classics contained all the lessons one needed to lead a moral and effective life and were the best models for a person to live by. They developed a new kind of classical scholarship, with which they corrected and tried to understand the works of the Greeks and Romans, which was important to them. Both the republic elites of Florence and Venice, and the ruling families of Milan, Ferrara, and Urbino hired humanists to teach their children classical morality and to writeRead MoreThe History of the Western World from 500 B.C. to 1500 A.D.1178 Words   |  5 Pagesperiod starts in the fall of the Roman Empire which witnessed decay everywhere . The weight of poverty, insecurity and isolation was too great to permit the production of literary artistic and scholarly master pieces. There was little cultural creativity in Europe in the 1000A.D to the latter part of the middle ages when intellectual development began to flower during the renaissance which began in 1300 A.D. Renaissance was realized by reviving the ancient Greek and roman learning. This saw the transformationRead MoreClassical Societies : China, Athens, And Rome Essay876 Words   |  4 PagesClassical Societies: China, Athens, and Rome: Review of Social, Economic, Political, and Cultural Situations The three areas of classical civilizations developed their cultural beliefs, lifestyles, political institutions, and social structures. However, there were significant similarities among them. Patriarchal values thrived in these civilizations. The male dominated family structure with loyalty and obedience heavily stressed in China s homes. Chinas Patriarchal society reinforced by ConfucianRead MoreItalian Renaissance Italy Essay1160 Words   |  5 Pagesattitudes and a â€Å"new conception of life itself† emerged, deeply contrasting the attitudes and ideals of the previous Middle Ages. The Italian Renaissance, which occurred during the fourteenth and fifteenth century, was a complete â€Å"rebirth† of Greco-Roman culture and values. Subsequently, it marked an era of great erudition and broad-mindedness, wherein Italians discovered a profound admiration for artistry and philosophical reasoning, leading to a monumental political, scientific, cultural, and intellectualRea d More Justinian I Essay1453 Words   |  6 Pagesfinal end of the Roman Empire. It was the establishment of the New Byzantine empire. It was also the beginning of Western Europe’s unique position within the civilization of the old world. The religion of Islam spread and the Franks rose to power (The Reign of Justinian). Among other things, Justinian’s rule saw a flourishment in the areas of architecture, the arts, and literature. It was a time of re-building for the empire. Justinian pursued an ambitious dream of restoring the old Roman Empire. In factRead MoreGreece And Rome : Models For The U.s. Constitution1564 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscussions, it became apparent that two previously governing bodies stood, in their opinions, above the rest: The Greek and Roman empires. Their governmental practices and virtues were key in the development of the Constitution, as they were dissected, and eventually, emulated by this country’s founding members. ​America’s somewhat early history (1760-1790) primarily showed signs of the Greek language and culture’s widespread popularity by reason of its core values and teachings. The nine major colonial

Healthcare Education Free Essays

What are some of the barriers and limitations to the transition from one level of care to another? Successful transition of patients from one care level to another is normal and of great importance. Patients who receive good aftercare after inpatient treatment come out much stronger and with low rates of readmission. However in many cases this is not the case hence posing the patients to health risk. We will write a custom essay sample on Healthcare Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some of the barriers and limits to these transitions include financial constrains, low levels of knowledge and lack of adequate advice to the patients by the health professionals. Ignorance on the side of the people or the professionals also plays a big role. Education and creation of awareness to the general public on the importance of this transition is paramount in that it reduces the risks involved at the various levels (Holloway, 2008). Lack of a clear policy on ways to improve care such as transition care support and voluntary sharing of information on the issue is big obstacle to successful care transition. For elderly, care transitions can usually lead to medication related complications and significantly reduced life span or quality. These calls for devoted efforts by the relevant parties to develop and put in place the necessary tools and initiatives to ensure improved transition. It should be noted that the impact of human error in medicine is unclear since the risk in the health care are based on the disease itself, the desired medicine and the way of medication (Holloway, 2008). This means that transition with medication to be administered without clear guideline may create a bigger problem. The transition problems call for well structured aftercare sessions to refer patients to. Since the human health is always at risk, it is important to ensure that patients actively engage in any prescribed treatment. This include making sure they are entered into the right level of treatment and equipped with the necessary information useful during treatment to ensure motivation and hence avoid relapse. Successful transition to care is the first step towards good health and should always be emphasized. Reference Holloway, D. , (2008). Transitions from one Level of Care to Another. Retrieved on 30th July 2009 from, http://cnx. org/content/m12716/latest/ How to cite Healthcare Education, Papers

The Crucible Essay Example For Students

The Crucible Essay The Crucible is a play about a terrible period in American history. False accusations of witchcraft by some devious girls gradually take possession of the sleepy town of Salem. Before the play is over, good people of gentle nature and responsible temper are condemning other good people to the gallows and everyone attacks one another. The terrible ordeal ends in tragedy as tens of innocent people lose their lives whilst the guilty girls remain intact. Staging: In this version of the play the director decided to use an in the round stage design where we as the audience were sat round in a square round the main action of the play. We will write a custom essay on The Crucible specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The playhouse had raked seating a lower ground and a balcony, we sat down in the lower level which I felt was better for viewing the play rather than up in the balcony as they all looked rather uncomfortable as they had to lean right over the edge to look down. The play being in the round was appropriate for that style of drama. The fly on the wall effect was very distinct and I truly felt like I was in the scene with them as they went along. Our close proximity meant that it was a very intimate venue and we felt involved. I could literally reach out and touch the actors. This intimacy was particularly effective later on in the play when due to our seating arrangement around the stage we felt like a jury seated around judging the convictions of the witches in the courtroom. Set Design: In the play the director decided to use four different sets. 1. The Reverend Parris house 2. John Procters Shack 3. Courtroom 4. Jail Room Lighting: The lighting in the play was quite stunning in some of the scenes. The play began with the cast chanting in the dark where the only light source were the candles they held, this was very effective in casting a very dark, ethereal effect which added to the tragic feel to the whole play. Throughout the play the cast continued to use candles which they appropriately put out at certain times to cast the whole room into darkness, particularly effective when the witches were summoning the dark spirits. Another nice idea that I thought was quite effective was when the witches began talking to God and tried to rid themselves of their evil spirits as they did so they looked up heavenwards and flayed out their arms and as they did so a strong beam of light fell upon them symbolizing the lights from the heavens. This was particularly effective in juxtaposing the original dark evil of the girls and suddenly exposing them in this bright, white light. The final touch that they added with the lights was a shadow system in the last scene. This scene was meant to be a prison cell and instead of big props to symbolise this, the director chose to have the lighting rigged so that it cast a shadow as if light was shining through the bars of the prison windows. This was simple yet effective because it meant there were no props resembling the bars of the cell to obstruct our view. Sound Effects: There werent many sound effects used in the play as the director obviously relied on the actors skills at acting in conveying any settings or scene changes. However they did use one sound effect, which I thought was absolutely vital for me. In the second scene, in John Proctors cottage, I was confused as to where this place actually was, it was only the chirping of the birds in the background and the general forest noises that told me this was in the woods or nearby in the vicinity. I felt that without that I may have lost the plot a bit in that scene, trying to work out, where the actors were meant to be, .u33136d5d62689e884ab34ae89d51f80b , .u33136d5d62689e884ab34ae89d51f80b .postImageUrl , .u33136d5d62689e884ab34ae89d51f80b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u33136d5d62689e884ab34ae89d51f80b , .u33136d5d62689e884ab34ae89d51f80b:hover , .u33136d5d62689e884ab34ae89d51f80b:visited , .u33136d5d62689e884ab34ae89d51f80b:active { border:0!important; } .u33136d5d62689e884ab34ae89d51f80b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u33136d5d62689e884ab34ae89d51f80b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u33136d5d62689e884ab34ae89d51f80b:active , .u33136d5d62689e884ab34ae89d51f80b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u33136d5d62689e884ab34ae89d51f80b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u33136d5d62689e884ab34ae89d51f80b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u33136d5d62689e884ab34ae89d51f80b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u33136d5d62689e884ab34ae89d51f80b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u33136d5d62689e884ab34ae89d51f80b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u33136d5d62689e884ab34ae89d51f80b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u33136d5d62689e884ab34ae89d51f80b .u33136d5d62689e884ab34ae89d51f80b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u33136d5d62689e884ab34ae89d51f80b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Medieval Literature, i.e., Anglo-Saxon Poetry, English Drama with Morality Plays EssayCostume: Acting and Character Interaction: John Procter: A thirty something man, John Procter came across as rather tired, grumpy and rude towards his wife. It seemed that he didnt appreciate her from the way he spoke in harsh, short sentences and constantly flying off the handle, when she didnt satisfy him. It was only as the play developed, we realised that he was only gruff with her because he was embarrassed that he had done a terrible thing (had an affair) and she still loved him and had forgiven him. When his wife is taken away, John Procter becomes protective of her and begins to show his true love for her. He criticises anyone who says a bad word about her. Procter was rather tall and burly and he used this to his advantage by threatening people to get what he wanted. He often raised his voice and often looked discontent by either wrinkling up his nose in disgust or turning beetroot red which we knew was a sign he was going to start shouting. I felt he was not someone who really understood his emotions properly and certainly never liked to let his soft side be exposed. For the majority of the audience the play went down a treat and everyone really enjoyed themselves. Overall I really enjoyed the play, but I felt that not all my friends were of the same opinion, they became rather restless quickly and kept talking through which was incredibly aggravating. Perhaps the topic is not really gripping for the younger audience and come to think of it perhaps it wasnt because a lot of the language was difficult to interpret but I didnt seem to have too much of a problem which is probably the reason I enjoyed it because I didnt have to waste time working it out before hand.

Child Marriage Facts and Causes

Child Marriage Facts and Causes The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women and the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (among other charters and conventions) all directly or indirectly forbid the degrading and mistreatment of girls inherent in child marriage. Nevertheless, child marriage is common in many parts of the world, claiming millions of victims annuallyand hundreds of thousands of injuries or deaths resulting from abuse or complications from pregnancy and childbirth. Facts About Child Marriage According to the International Center for Research on Women (ICRW), 100 million girls will be married before the age of 18 in the coming decade. Most will be in sub-Saharan Africa and the Asian Subcontinent (Nepal, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh). In Niger, for example, 77% of women in their early 20s were married as children. In Bangladesh, 65% were. Child marriage also occurs in parts of the Middle East, including Yemen and the rural Maghreb. In the United States, child marriage is still permissible in some states, with parental or judicial consent.Globally, according to UNICEF, 36% of women aged 20 to 24 were married or in a union, forced or consensual, before theyd reached 18.An estimated 14 million girls between the ages of 15 and 19 give birth each year. They are twice as likely to die during pregnancy or childbirth than women in their 20s.Girls who marry between the ages of 10 and 14 are five times as likely to die during pregnancy or childbirth as women in their early 20s. Causes of Child Marriage Child marriage has many causes: cultural, social, economic and religious. In many cases, a mixture of these causes results in the imprisonment of children in marriages without their consent. Poverty: Poor families sell their children into marriage either to settle debts or to make some money and escape the cycle of poverty. Child marriage fosters poverty, however, as it ensures that girls who marry young will not be properly educated or take part in the workforce.Protecting the girls sexuality: In certain cultures, marrying a girl young presumes that the girls sexuality, therefore the girls familys honor, will be protected by ensuring that the girl marries as a virgin. The imposition of family honor on a girls individuality, in essence, robbing the girl of her honor and dignity, undermines the credibility of family honor and instead underscores the presumed protections actual aim: to control the girl.Gender discrimination: Child marriage is a product of cultures that devalue women and girls and discriminate against them. The discrimination, according to a UNICEF report on Child Marriage and the Law, often manifests itself in the form of domestic violence, marital rape, a nd deprivation of food, lack of access to information, education, healthcare, and general impediments to mobility. Inadequate laws: Many countries such as Pakistan have laws against child marriage. The laws are not enforced. In Afghanistan, a new law was written into the countrys code enabling Shiite, or Hazara, communities to impose their own form of family lawincluding permitting child marriage.​Trafficking: Poor families are tempted to sell their girls not just into marriage, but into prostitution, as the transaction enables large sums of money to change hands. Individual Rights Denied by Child Marriage The Convention on the Rights of the Child is designed to guarantee certain individual rightswhich are abused by early marriage. Rights undermined or lost by children forced to marry early are: The right to an education.The right to be protected from physical and mental violence, injury or abuse, including sexual abuse, rape, and sexual exploitation.The right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health.The right to rest and leisure, and to participate freely in cultural life.The right to not be separated from parents against the childs will.The right to protection against all forms of exploitation affecting any aspect of the child’s welfare.The right to eventual employment. Case Study: A Child Bride Speaks The 2006 Nepal Report on Child Marriage includes the following testimony from a child bride: I was married to a nine-year-old boy when I was three. At that point of time, I was unaware of marriages. I dont even remember my marriage event. I just remember that as I was too young and was unable to walk and they had to carry me and bring me over to their place. Getting married at an early age, I was destined to suffer a lot of hardships. I had to carry water in a small clay-pot in the mornings. I had to sweep and swap the floor every day. Those were the days when I wanted to eat good food and wear pretty clothes. I used to feel very hungry, but I had to be satisfied with the amount of food that I was provided. I never got to eat enough. I sometimes secretly ate corns, soybeans, etc that used to grow in the field. And if I was caught eating, my in-laws and husband would beat me up accusing me of stealing from the field and eating. Sometimes the villagers used to give me food and if my husband and in-laws found out, they used to beat me up accusing me of stealing food from the house. They used to give me one black blouse and a cotton sari torn into two pieces. I had to wear these for two years. Never did I get other accessories like petticoats, belts etc. When my saris got torn, I used to patch them up and continue wearing them. My husband married three times after me. At present, he lives with his youngest wife. Since I married at an early age, early child-delivery was inevitable. As a result, I now have severe back problems. I used to weep a lot and consequently, I faced problems with my eyes and had to undergo an eye operation. I often think that if I had the power to think like I do now, I would never go to that house. I also wish I had not given birth to any children. Retrospective sufferings make me wish not to see my husband again. Nevertheless, I do not want him to die because I dont want to lose my marital status.

The Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

The Regents of the University of California v. Bakke The Regents of the University of California v. Allan Bakke (1978), was a landmark case decided by the United States Supreme Court. The decision had historical and legal significance because it upheld affirmative action, declaring that race could be one of several determining factors in college admission policies, but rejected the use of racial quotas. Fast Facts: Regents of the University of California v. Bakke Case Argued: Oct. 12, 1977Decision Issued: June 26, 1978Petitioner: Regents of the University of CaliforniaRespondent: Allan Bakke, a 35-year-old white man who had applied twice for admission to the University of California Medical School at Davis and was rejected both timesKey Question: Did the University of California violate the 14th Amendments Equal Protection Clause, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, by practicing an affirmative action policy that resulted in the repeated rejection of Bakkes application for admission to its medical school?Majority Decision: Justices Burger, Brennan, Stewart, Marshall, Blackman, Powell, Rehnquist, StevensDissenting: Justice WhiteRuling: The Supreme Court upheld affirmative action, ruling that race could be one of several determining factors in college admission policies, but it rejected the use of racial quotas as unconstitutional. Case History In the early 1970s, many colleges and universities across America were in the beginning stages of making major changes to their admissions programs in an effort to diversify the student body by increasing the number of minority students on campus. This effort was particularly challenging due to the 1970s massive increase of students applying to medical and law schools. It increased the competition and negatively impacted the efforts to create campus environments that promoted equality and diversity. Admission policies that relied predominantly on candidates grades and test scores was an unrealistic approach for the schools that wanted to increase the minority population on campus.   Dual Admission Programs In 1970, the University of California Davis School of Medicine (UCD) was receiving 3,700 applicants for a mere 100 openings. At the same time, UCD administrators were committed to working with an affirmative action plan often referred to as a quota or set-aside program. It was set up with two admissions programs in order to increase the number of disadvantaged students admitted to the school.  There was the regular admissions program and the special admissions program.Each year 16 out of 100 places were reserved for disadvantaged students and minorities including (as stated by the university), blacks, Chicanos, Asians, and American Indians. Regular Admissions Program Candidates who quailed for the regular admissions program had to have an undergraduate grade point average (GPA) above 2.5. Some of the qualifying candidates were then interviewed. Those who passed were given a score based on their performance on the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT), science grades, extracurricular activities, recommendations, awards and other criteria that made up their benchmark scores. An admissions committee would then make a decision on which candidates would be accepted into the school. Special Admissions Program Candidates accepted into the special admissions programs were minorities or those who were economically or educationally disadvantaged. The special admissions candidates did not have to have a grade point average above 2.5 and they did not compete with the benchmark scores of the regular admission applicants.   From the time that the dual admissions program was implemented the 16 reserved spots were filled by minorities, despite the fact that many white applicants applied for the special disadvantaged program. Allan Bakke In 1972, Allan Bakke was a 32-year-old white male working as an engineer at NASA, when he decided to pursue his interest in medicine. Ten years earlier, Bakke had graduated from the University of Minnesota with a degree in mechanical engineering and a grade-point average of 3.51 out of 4.0 and was asked to join the national mechanical engineering honor society. He then joined the U.S. Marine Corps for four years which included a seven-month combat tour of duty in Vietnam. In 1967, he became a captain and was given an honorable discharge. After leaving the Marines he went to work for National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) as a research engineer.   Bakke continued going to school and in June 1970, he earned his masters degree in mechanical engineering, but despite this, his interest in medicine continued to grow. He was missing some of chemistry and biology courses required for admission into medical school so he attended night classes at San Jose State University and Stanford University. He completed all the prerequisites and had an overall GPA of 3.46. During this time he worked part-time as a volunteer in the emergency room at El Camino Hospital in Mountain View, California. He scored an overall 72 on the MCAT, which was three points higher than the average applicant to UCD and 39 points higher than the average special program applicant. In 1972, Bakke applied to UCD. His biggest concern was being rejected due to his age. He had surveyed 11 medical schools; all who said that he was over their their age limit. Age discrimination was not an issue in the 1970s. In March he was invited to interview with Dr. Theodore West who described Bakke as a very desirable applicant who he recommended.  Two months later, Bakke received his rejection letter. Angered by how the special admissions program was being managed, Bakke contacted his lawyer, Reynold H. Colvin, who prepared a letter for Bakke to give to the medical schools chairman of the admissions committee, Dr. George Lowrey. The letter, which was sent in late May, included a request that Bakke was placed on the wait-list and that he could register during the fall of 1973 and take courses until an opening became available. When Lowrey failed to reply, Covin prepared a second letter in which he asked the chairman if the special admissions program was an illegal racial quota. Bakke was then invited to meet with Lowreys assistant, 34-year-old Peter Storandt so that the two could discuss why he was rejected from the program and to advise him to apply again. He suggested that if he was rejected again he may want to take UCD to court; Storandt had a few names of lawyers that could possibly help him if he decided to go in that direction. Storandt was later disciplined and demoted for displaying unprofessional behavior when meeting with Bakke. In August 1973, Bakke applied for early admission into UCD. During the interview process, Lowery was the second interviewer. He gave Bakke an 86 which was the lowest score Lowery had given out that year. Bakke received his second rejection letter from UCD at the end of September 1973. The following month, Colvin filed a complaint on Bakkes behalf with HEWs Office of Civil Rights, but when HEW failed to send a timely response, Bakke decided to move forward. On June 20, 1974, Colvin brought suit on behalf of Bakke in Yolo County Superior Court. The complaint included a request that UCD admit Bakke into its program because the special admissions program rejected him because of his race. Bakke alleged that the special admissions process violated the U.S. Constitutions Fourteenth Amendment, the California Constitutions article I, section 21, and Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.   UCDs counsel filed a cross-declaration and asked the judge to find that the special program was constitutional and legal. They argued that Bakke would not have been admitted even if there had been no seats set aside for minorities.   On November 20, 1974, Judge Manker found the program unconstitutional and in violation of Title VI, no race or ethnic group should ever be granted privileges or immunities not given to every other race. Manker did not order to admit Bakke to UCD, but rather that the school reconsiders his application under a system that did not make determinations based on race. Both Bakke and the university appealed the judges ruling. Bakke because it was not ordered that he be admitted to UCD and the university because the special admissions program was ruled unconstitutional.   Supreme Court of California Due to the seriousness of the case, the Supreme Court of California ordered that the appeals be transferred to it. Having gained a reputation as being one of the most liberal appellate courts, it was assumed by many that it would rule on the side of the university. Surprisingly, the court upheld the lower-court ruling in a six to one vote. Justice Stanley Mosk wrote, No applicant may be rejected because of his race, in favor of another who is less qualified, as measured by standards applied without regard to race.   The lone dissenter, Justice Matthew O. Tobriner wrote, It is anomalous that the Fourteenth Amendment that served as the basis for the requirement that elementary and secondary schools be compelled to integrate should now be turned around to forbid graduate schools from voluntarily seeking that very objective. The court ruled that the university could no longer use race in the admissions process. It ordered that the university provide proof that Bakkes application would have been rejected under a program that was not based on race. When the university admitted that it would be unable to provide the proof, the ruling was amended to order Bakkes admission into the medical school.   That order, however, was stayed by U.S. Supreme Court in November 1976, pending the outcome of the petition for a writ of certiorari to be filed by the Regents of the University of California to the U.S. Supreme Court. The university filed a petition for writ of certiorari the following month.

Psychology and Health Problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Psychology and Health Problems - Essay Example This often leads to a self-fulfilling prophecy because the family members would assume that there is nothing they can do about the disease and allow it to happen. On the other hand, the Multifactorial model shows a different way at examining how a disease develops. According to the Multifactorial model, the following factors must be taken into account when analyzing how a disease develops: biological, psychological, environmental, and socio-cultural and stressors. Likewise, the model asserts that no single factor is responsible for the development of a disease according to Hoover. In most diseases, biological factors such as heredity, age and gender can increase the probability of contracting heart diseases. There are certain groups of people prone to heart disease but this doesn’t mean that individuals in this group cannot avert the situation. The model presents other possible elements such as diet, stressors, or even access to health care that can prevent or increase the lik elihood of the disease. The aforementioned elements may belong to any of the other factors which are not biological at all. Using the Multifactorial Model, a person that has a family history of diabetes can prevent developing the disease by making modifications in one’s lifestyle. The person can become health conscious being aware of such fact and resort to exercise and limited dietary intake. Thus, the person does not develop the disease as compared to his parents or grandparents. Biological factors include family history, age, gender, pain and discomfort, congenital disabilities definitely influence the likelihood of a disease but that does not equate to hopelessness since prevention is still possible using other factors. Socio-cultural is another important factor that can worsen or prevent the development of a disease. If a person has quality access to health care, works in a company that promotes health and belongs to an average sized family, then it can said that sociocu ltutal factors can help the person develop diseases. Even religious beliefs related to health such as not smoking and no drinking can be very helpful. Even if heart diseases are common in the family, the person can probably live longer. The Multifactorial model also considers psychological factors such as anxiety, depression, personality traits, self-efficacy, optimism or pessimism, attributional style, behavior, and other intrinsic factors within the individual. Lately, the field of medicine has accepted the fact as proven by various studies that psychological factors like stress definitely worsen biological factors. Even people with no history of heart disease within the family can possibly die from a heart attack if the person is constantly subjected to stress, had a sedentary lifestyle and possess a Type A personality. Even simple conditions such as ulcers and constipation can be caused by stress. Environmental factors such as pollution, natural disasters, radiation, global warm ing, ozone depletion, water quality and many more adversely affect a person’s health. Even healthy individuals with jobs exposed to harsh environmental conditions can develop illnesses such as respiratory disease complications especially if they don’t have good access to healthcare. Primarily, this is the reason why government Agencies set occupational health standards and safety practices so workers would not get sick. In conclusion, the Multifactorial Model is a new health model that shows how illnesses can develop

Local population rights to boost economy through tourism in government Essay

Local population rights to boost economy through tourism in government restricted areas - Essay Example A country's prime area that consists of natural and cultural interest gets assigned the status of a protected area at a national level and also international level. Therefore, much tourism takes place in these areas as the tourists are curious on why the area needs to remain protected. Countries that have protected areas usually do it to preserve their natural and cultural heritage. For instance, countries in the UAE restrict most of their sites to people who are not dressed according to their culture. The women are particularly affected by this as they are required to be in covered clothing and hijab as a sign of respect for the culture. The local population in these places has been having endless debates with the government concerning the restrictions of uncovered women in the areas. The women do not have to cover themselves as it is not part of their culture or tradition. The restrictions have led to these areas not receiving as many tourists as they would be receiving if not for the limitation.

Design of Hybrid Filter With Wavelet Denoising

Design of Hybrid Filter With Wavelet Denoising Simranjit Kaur DESIGN OF HYBRID FILTER WITH WAVELET DENOISING AND ANISOTROPIC DIFFUSION FILTER FOR IMAGE DESPECKLING 1. INTRODUCTION Digital images are images which are formed of picture elements also termed as pixels. The pixels typically are arranged in a rectangular array. The dimensions of the pixel array determine its size. Its width is defined by the number of columns, and height by the number of rows in that array. Digital images are susceptible to various types of noise.Speckleis a form of noise which exists in and decreases the quality of the active  radar  and  synthetic aperture radar  (SAR) images. Image denoising is an essential task in image processing, both as a component in other processes and as a process itself. Various methods are there to denoise the image. A good image denoising model preserves edges, while removing noise. If the window size is quite large, then the over smoothing will occur and edges become blur out. If the size of window is small, then the smoothing property of the window decreases and doesn’t remove the speckle noise that efficiently. Secondly, in the traditional filters there is no enhancement of edges. Thirdly these existing filters are non directional. Finally, the thresholds which are used in the existing filters, although are inspired by statistical arguments, they are ad hoc improvements which only display the drawbacks of the window-based approach. So, inorder to alleviate this problem, hybrid filter with Wavelet denoising and anisotropic diffusion filter, has been proposed. In this model, we work on the drawbacks of the previous models such as oversmoothing of the images and unnecessaryremoval of the edges. 1.1 SCOPE OF STUDY The scope of work for this model is finding an accurate technique for the development of a hybrid despeckling model whose main purpose is to preserve the edges of the image and avoid oversmoothing during denoising. We have to study various previous techniques and on the basis of the study we will develop a model which overcomes the flaws of existing despeckling methods while improving the quality parameters in the end of filtering process. 2. OBJECTIVES To reduce the speckle noise. To improve the parameters like peak signal to noise ratio, equivalent no of looks and coefficient of correlation. Tocreate a better image processing algorithm To investigate the proper selection of wavelet filters and thresholding scheme which yields optimal visual enhancement of SAR images. Tocreate a better image processing algorithm for denoising technique. To design a hybrid filter from the two existing filters for removal of noise in uniform regions from the image. 3. BRIEF LITERATURE SURVEY Until now, several researches and case studies have been reported about wavelet denoising . Yuan Gao and Zhengyao Bai [2] proposed a speckle reduction method which is based on curvelet domain in SAR images. In this technique, curvelet transform is mapped with wavelet filtering. In the first step, multiplicative noise is converted in to additive noise. Second step is to compute the threshold, by using soft and hard thresholding curvelet coefficients are thresholded. Lastly, opposite CT and exponential transform are applied to reconstruct the original image. This shows that this method is better than other filtering techniques. S.Sudha et al. [3] proposed a tool for noise removal in ultrasound images. The comparison shows that the proposed technique provides better results than other existing techniques. Manish Goyal and Gianetan Singh Sekhon [4] applied wavelet based hybrid thresholding techniques: firstly applied the statistical technique and then filtering based on bayes threshold. Then results are calculated which is followed by applying soft thresholding. The experimental results show that this filter gives better results. Alka Vishwa, Shilpa Sharma [5] created a simple context-based model for the selection of threshold within a wavelet denoising model. Estimations of the local variance with appropriate weights are used for thresholding. Although, it is seen that the denoised image, during removal of a substantial amount of noise also suffers practically node gradation in the sharpness and details. The experimental result shows that this proposed method yields significantly improved visual quality and also better PSNR in comparison with the other techniques for the denoising. Rohit Verma,Jahid Ali [6] has discussed different types of noise that can creep in image during acquisition. In the second section various filtering techniques are presented that can be used for denoising the digital image. Experimental results found that the BM3D along with median filters gave better results and the averaging and minimum filters performed the worst. BM3D is best choice of removing Salt and pepper noise. In all other cases median filter is considered more suitable. K.Bala Prakash ,R.Venu Babu and Venu Gopal [7] proposed a new technique which is independently select the filter for different types of images. In this technique a new independent filter will automatically check which filter gives better results in images,. The results are computed using different parameters. The experimental results shows that proposed technique gives better results than other techniques. Mashaly et al. [8] introduced a new technique which is based on morphological operations. In this paper Synthetic aperture radar images are used. In this morphological operations are applied to remove the speckle noise reduction and the results are compared with different filtering techniques such as adaptive and non adaptive filters. Adib Akl and Charles Yaacoub [9] proposed a method for image denoising that uses wavelet denoising and an adaptive form of the Kuan filter that results in a significant removal of speckle noise. The results are tested in respect of the peak signal to noise ratio, equivalent no of looks and coefficient of correlation. Udomhunskal and Wongsita [10] presented a method for Ultrasonicspeckledenoisingusingthe hybrid technique which is based on wavelet transform and wiener filter to reduce thespecklenoisewhile preserving the details. In this method, firstly apply the 2D discrete wavelet transform for the noisy image. Then, the wiener filter isapplied to each detail subband. The results found that this method removes the ultrasonicspeckle more efficiently. 4. GAPS IN STUDY 5. PROBLEM FORMULATION The basic idea of this model is the estimation of the uncorrupted image from the noisy image or distorted image known as â€Å"image denoising†. To remove noisy distortions, there are various methods to help restore an image. Choosing the best method plays a very important role for getting the desired image. There are various existing techniques to remove the Speckle Noise Reduction but due to some drawbacks these techniques cannot remove Speckle Noise efficiently. The major drawbacks of the existing filters are: The adaptive filters like Lee filter, Kuan filter and Frost filter are not able to perform a full removal of Speckle without losing any edges because they rely on local statistical data and this Statistical data related to the filtered pixel value and this data depends upon the filter window over an area. As these existing filters are very much sensitive to the Window Shape and Window Size. If the Window Shape is very much larger than over smoothing will occurs. As window size is smaller than the Smoothing Capability of the Window will decrease. So, to overcome these limitations we proposed a new hybrid technique that combines Wavelet based denoising and anisotropic diffusion filter. As Wavelet is Frame based Approach, it does not dependent on Space or Time. Wavelet also provides better Resolution. In Anisotropic diffusion filter, it is based on partial differential equation. It does not depends upon the window size but, on Mean Square Error approach. So it provides better filtering capability and enhances the edges. By applying these techniques the efficiency of the system is increased and noise is reduced to the greater extent. 6.METHODOLOGY Wavelet denoising is a modern approach to denoising which is not based on local statistical data. The wavelet denoising is a frame based approach. In this approach, a wavelet transform is applied on the image, followed by thresholding method. In the end, an inverse wavelet transform is applied to the image for lengthening the image components after they were reduced during wavelet decomposition. A speckled image can be expressed in the form of k=m*n Where m is the original image and the n is noise with mean and unknown variance. The following diagram explains the DWT-denoising.Wavelet-based denoising consists of: Applying the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to the noisy image k, Thresholding the detail coefficients, and Finally applying inverse discrete wavelet transform (IDWT) technique on the threshold coefficients to obtain an estimation of the original image kas shown in Figure1. Figure1. Block diagram of wavelet denoising Theimage k is inserted in the filter in the logarithmic form i.e. k=m+n. After wavelet transform W is applied, it results in W(k). W(k) undergoes the thresholding process which results in T(W(k)) which is represented asfwin the figure 1.Finally, the de-speckled image is extracted using the inverse transform W-1. Anisotropic diffusion filter: In anisotropic diffusion the main method is to smoothen within the region in preference to the smoothening across the edges. Without bias due to the filter window shape and size the partial differential equation based removal approach allows the generation of image scales consisting of set of filtered image. So, anisotropic diffusion is adaptive and does not utilize the hard thresholds to alter performance in homogeneous areas or in region near edges and small features. This is quite edge sensitive. In the anisotropic diffusion filter, conduction coefficient is taken to be one within given region it is zero near the edges. Equation for anisotropic diffusion is as given I (x, 0) = =div (F) + – Here I is input image, is the initial image, div (F) is diffusion flux and is entire coefficient Overview of Framework First load the image using a MATLAB processing tool box and add speckle noise into in the image which can be seen in the form black and white dots. After image is loaded it will pass through wavelet denoising filter where log transformation is applied so as to decrease the multiplicative nature of the image by making it additive for easing the removal process.Here Bayes Shrink Threshold is used for thresholding process. The Bayesian Shrinkage contains a soft-threshold and minimizes the Bayesian risk. Shrink threshold is calculated by considering a Generalized Gaussian Distribution. After that an Inverse wavelet transform will be applied on the threshold output, so as to extract the image. After applying the Wavelet Transform, hybrid of the anisotropic filter and wavelet will be formed, sothat it provides better results than simple Wavelet denoising techniques. After the image passes through the filter, results will be evaluated in terms of peak signal to noise ratio, Coefficient of c orrelation and equivalent No of looks. These results will show that the hybrid model gives better results than other existing techniques. Figure 2.Basic flowchart depicting the despeckling of an image using hybrid model. 7. FACILITIES REQUIRED FOR PROPOSED WORK The various hardware and software facilities of the proposed model are given as under : Hardware Requirements: Intel Core CPU 3 GB RAM Windows server Software Requirements: MATLAB Software(R2012a) 32 bit (win32) 8. PROPOSED PLACE OF WORK Department of Computer Science Engineering, Chandigarh Engineering College, Landran Mohali, India REFERENCES

An Interview With a Relative

Welcome to the blue collar city of Buffalo, New York. I find myself in my great Uncle Wills old brick home in the center of South Buffalo. The house has the familiar smell of old people, in the foyer are a pair of work boots the leather old and worn, the soles nearly depleted. A layer of dust has formed on the boots that have remained untouched for decades. As I move closer to the kitchen I can hear the recognizable sound of stainless steel clinking on ceramic, the rhythmic noise can only be one thing; Uncle Will’s stirring his ever present cup of joe. I know this interview is going to take a bit so I head to the fridge to find a cold beverage. Inside the fridge, prune juice I thought â€Å"ugh†, tap water will do. My Uncle begins by interviewing me. Uncle Will is curious to know how I’m doing in school and if I like living in Kansas. We talk about family, cars and pets(he has a very fat cat). I don’t want this interview to be formal and stiff so I casually guide the conversation to his earlier years. I want to ask him about WWII but this is not what I want to focus on. I do ask about his service in the United States Army just to get an idea of how his time in the army prepared him for entering the job market. In his tour of duty he saw himself promoted three times, eventually to the rank of Captain and led a company of sixty men. This is all I want to know of his brief military service. I ask about his homecoming and the first thing he mentions is the excellent growth the economy in Buffalo has made, â€Å"it was as if the depression never happened† he says with a half smile and a look of satisfaction. The best thing is not only was the city of Buffalo prospering the entire nation from the Atlantic to the Pacific was too. I sit quiet and attentive just letting him talk. It’s like a history lecture only it’s just me front and center, completely interested in the subject. I want to know more about Buffalo and the jobs available to him so I implore. â€Å"You could just see the smiles on everyone’s faces, people walking with a bounce in their step† he tells me. The reason for the smiling faces was that Buffalo was home to Bethlehem Steel the second largest steel producer in the nation. Bethlehem Steel employed tens of thousands of the city’s people they offered good wages and a unionized work force, these things kept the grins ear to ear. The steel was mainly sent to Detroit to fuel the auto industries record sales. The primary means to transport the steel was the railroad and this is where Uncle Will found his calling. He was hired for the job almost immediately. His time leading troops in combat made him the top choice for the conductor position. Old Will describes his new job as â€Å"Love at First sight†. Will adored the sound of the methodic turning of the locomotives wheels, the hustle and bustle of the train yard and the fact that he had the privilege to literally drive the economy in a 200 ton, 7000 horsepower machine. â€Å"The most efficient means of transportation, steel on steel,† he says proudly. He now commanded trains with at least sixty box cars just like the company of soldiers he led just a short while ago. Uncle Will informs me that though the job often kept him away a lot with trips to Chicago and other mid-western cities he was proud to be transporting the materials to help the U. S prosper. He coveted every moment he spent with his locomotive the diesel powered Dual-Service Erie-Built Train Master, â€Å"I called her Audrey after Audrey Hepburn, they showed her movies to us in the service† Uncle Will laughs as he finishes his statement. Audrey was navigating her way through the extensive network of railways across the country and with that even I feel a bit of admiration of the industry. His devotion to the train industry is fascinating. I ask him to tell me more about his duties as a conductor. The conductor has the duty of accelerating, breaking, changing tracks and supervising the crew, pretty important,† he adds with a chuckle. His days on the helm of the locomotive began to blur together days became months and months turned to years but he says â€Å" every time I pushed the accelerator I still had that goose bump sensation I felt the first time I pushed her to full speed. † Buffalo was still enjoying economic growth through the sixti es still thriving on America’s appetite for steel. In the late sixties as my Uncle explained he noticed a change, less noise at the rail yard the sound of wheels turning was less prevalent the methodic rhythm slowing down just like buffalo’s economy. Everyone could sense the change and the smiles began to fade. I want to know the reason for this change in demand. Uncle Will proclaimed with anger in his voice â€Å"Foreign steel was being imported from places like China and Korea. It was much cheaper and industry wants to save money. † The lack of demand for Buffalo’s number one export closed the doors of Bethlehem and Republic Steel. Thousand lost their jobs. â€Å"You could call this moment in time the death of our city â€Å"he adds. This was and is the beginning of the continual decline of the Queen City. Uncle Will was right unemployment rates were 6% and today is 9. 6% according to the New York State Department of Labor (www. labor. state. ny. us). This downturn affected all subsequent history. Unemployment caused crime rates to rise, drug use was rampant on the east side of town and it was spreading at a rapid rate. Today buffalo is littered with abandoned homes even ornate Roman Catholic churches have seen their doors and windows boarded up. â€Å"The city as I knew it was gone† with these words I hear a solemn sigh. I wanted this interview to be about how the railroad industry affected his life however by the way it started I should have known the interview was just a means for Uncle Will to tell me about the city he watched grow to greatness and the sadness it brings him to watch its decline. I peer out the window there is a light blanket of snow covering the concrete and the small bush he has in his front yard. It looks pretty and peaceful but looks can be deceiving. Uncle Will mention’s that even in his neighborhood crime was creeping in â€Å"the house just two doors down was burglarized just a week ago† he proclaims with a deep sadness in his eyes. I look closer at Uncle William’s face tired and worn like the work boots in the front hall, his soul wearing away. This man has done so much in his life he volunteered when his country needed him and guided trains on the veins of Buffalo, pumping its blood of steel around the fledging nation. Without sadness there cannot be joy and without depression there cannot be growth. Unfortunately this weary old man is still sitting in his old red recliner coffee cup in hand staring out the window at the city streets once home to the laughter of playing children now quiet and desolate. He says â€Å"I’d leave this place but there are too many memories in this old house, too many memories in this old city. †

Mary Wollstonecraft and Mary Shelley

Mary Wollstonecraft was a pioneer in feminist thinking and writing. The author gave birth to Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley in 1797. Wollstonecraft died soon after childbirth due to a fever. How could this have influenced Shelley’s writings? Although her mother did not live long enough to influence Shelley directly, it is clear that the Wollstonecraft and the ideas of the Romantic era greatly shaped Shelley’s beliefs. The Life of Mary Wollstonecraft Wollstonecraft was strongly influenced by Thomas Paine and argued that women deserved equal rights. She saw how her own father treated her mother as property and refused to allow the same future for herself. When she became old enough, she earned a living as a governess but was bored with this work. She wanted to challenge her high intellect. When she was 28, she wrote a semi-autobiographical novel titled Maria. She soon moved to London and became an admired professional writer and editor who wrote about the rights of women and children. In 1790, Wollstonecraft wrote her essay A Vindication of the Rights of Men based on her reaction to the French Revolution. This essay influenced her famous feminist social study A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, which she wrote two years later. The work continues to be read in literature and Womens studies classes today. Wollstonecraft experienced two romantic affairs and gave birth to Fanny before falling in love with William Godwin. By November  1796, she became pregnant with their only child, Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley. Godwin and she were married in March of the following year. During the summer, she began writing The Wrongs of Women: or Maria. Shelley was born on August 30 and Wollstonecraft died less than two weeks later. Godwin raised both Fanny and Mary surrounded by philosophers and poets, such as Coleridge and Lamb. He also taught Mary to read and spell her name by having her trace her mothers inscription on the stone. Mary Shelley and Frankenstein With much of the independent spirit that drove her mother, Mary left home when she was 16 to live with her lover, Percy Shelley, who was unhappily married at the time. Society and even her father treated her as an outcast. This rejection influenced her writings greatly. Along with the suicides of Percys estranged wife and then Marys half-sister Fanny, her alienated status inspired her to write her greatest work, Frankenstein. Frankenstein is often referenced as the start of Science Fiction. Legend  claims that Shelley wrote the whole book in one night as part of a competition between herself, Percy Shelley, Lord Byron and John Polidori. The aim was to see who could write the best horror story. While Shelleys tale isnt usually classified as a horror it did spawn a new genre mixing moral questions with science.

Case Study Matrix Management Structure - 964 Words

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